Predicting of Life Expectancy in Diabetic Patients Based on Self-efficacy, Self-esteem and Perceived Social Support

Aims: Diabetes is considered as a chronic and complex disease that, if not addressed, will turn into a serious problem for countries. On the other hand, life expectancy as a multidimensional, dynamic and powerful healing factor plays an important role in adapting to the disease. The present study aimed at predicting life expectancy among the diabetic patients based on self-efficacy, self-esteem and perceived social support.Materials & Methods: This study was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of the study included all type 2 diabetes patients referred to the diabetes clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital of Ardabil in 2016. 118 patients were selected by convenience sampling method. For data collection, the self-efficacy scale (GSES), self-esteem scale (CSES), multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) and life expectancy scale (SHS) were used. Data analysis was made using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression and using SPSS version 16 software. Findings: According to the results, a significant relationship was observed between self-efficacy (r=0.58, p<0.05) and self-esteem (r=0.63, p<0.05) with life expectancy in diabetic patients. Also, a significant relationship was observed between social support perceived by the family (r=0.54, p<0.05), friends (r=0.48, p<0.05 and others (r=0.45, p<0.05) with life expectancy in diabetic patients. The results of multiple regression indicated that self-efficacy, self-esteem and perceived social support predict a total of 0.59 in life expectancy among the diabetic patients (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, self-efficacy, self-esteem and perceived social support are effective in improving the life expectancy in patients type 2 diabetes patients.